欧盟发布2025年12月-2026年2月禽流感概述

 　　  2026年3月27日，欧盟食品安全局（EFSA）发布2025年12月-2026年2月禽流感概述。 
　　2025年11月29日至2026年2月27日，32个欧洲国家报告了高致病性禽流感（HPAI）疫情的暴发。自上次报告以来，柬埔寨报告了1例甲型H5N1病毒感染的人类病例，中国报告了8例甲型H9N2和1例甲型H10N3病毒感染的人类病例。在欧盟/欧洲经济区，一般人群的感染风险被评估为低，职业暴露人群的感染风险为低至中度。部分原文报道如下：
 
　　Between 29 November 2025 and 27 February 2026, 2514 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (406) and wild (2108) birds in 32 countries in Europe. Albeit still at high levels after the peak was reached at the beginning of the current reporting period, the weekly number of detections has since been declining. Waterfowl species were affected to a greater extent than in previous years, and more than 90% of detections in poultry were due to primary introduction from wild birds. As in previous years, a large number of backyard farms and several zoos were affected. High viral circulation in wild birds resulted in a slight increase in detections in mammals in Europe, with the first potential spillover event from wild birds to dairy cattle suggested in the Netherlands. Between 29 November 2025 and 27 February 2026, 10 cases of avian influenza virus infection were reported in humans (none of which were fatal) in two countries: Cambodia (one A(H5N1) case) and China (eight A(H9N2) cases and one A(H10N3) case). Most human cases reported exposure to poultry or a poultry environment prior to detection or onset of illness. The current high level of avian influenza virus circulation in bird populations increases the risk of human exposure to infected animals, although human infections remain rare and no instance of human-to-human transmission has been documented so far. The risk posed by avian A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b influenza viruses currently circulating in Europe remains low for the general public in the European Union/European Economic Area and low-to-moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.